Subject Matters

• Criminal Law & Procedure: Proof in criminal cases – onus on prosecution – whether require to proof case beyond reasonable doubt – nature of proof beyond reasonable doubt – the principle in  Miller vs. Minister of Pensions (1947) 2 ALL ER 372

  Criminal law & Procedure: Proof beyond all reasonable doubt – meaning and nature thereof – the principle in Ikpong vs. State (2025) LPELR-80974 (SC)

  Criminal Law: Rape – intendment of medical report – whether to establish the issue of penetration in the case of rape

  Criminal law: Rape – medical evidence – where medical evidence is supported by evidence – whether appellant cannot discredit medical evidence

  Criminal law: Rape – absence of consent of victim – where a girl of 12 years is raped – whether such a victim is incapable of giving consent – the principle in Natasha vs. State (2017) LPELR-42359(SC)

  Criminal law: Rape – evidence of age of the prosecutrix not challenged by the appellant – whether court will take the evidence of age as proved

  Criminal law: Rape – importance of penetration – whether rupture of the hymen or emission of semen is not necessary to prove rape

  Criminal Law & Procedure: Rape – corroboration of evidence of prosecutrix – whether there is no law requiring the evidence of prosecutrix – duty on court to warn itself – whether can be dispensed in certain situations

  Criminal Law & Procedure: Evidence of prosecution witnesses – where there are minor discrepancies therein – whether it is only substantial contradictions and not minor discrepancies that are material